Below the knee revascularization. Challenges, current technique and future outlook

The purpose of this special “BTK revascularization” textbook is to guide the interested reader through existing revascularization challenges within the treatment of a CLI patient caused by infrapopliteal disease. Infrapopliteal revascularization procedures are threatened by long occlusions, calcification, dissections and/or recoil during and after the procedure. Fortunately, advances in the techniques and technology of endovascular therapy including retrograde reca¬nalization techniques, direct calcification modification, antiproliferative medication application and low-profile scaffolds have resulted in such methods that allow increasingly more effective revascularization and direct flow to the foot.